DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14483/22484728.18439Publicado:
2019-12-06Número:
Vol. 2 Núm. 2 (2019): Edición especialSección:
Visión ActualAutomation and control of greenhouse implemented technologies: a review
Automatización y control de tecnologías implementadas en invernaderos: una revisión
Palabras clave:
Automation, Control, Greenhouse, Modeling, Protected agriculture, Robot, Weather conditions (en).Palabras clave:
Automatización, Control, Invernadero, Modelado, Agricultura protegida, Robot, Condiciones climáticas (es).Descargas
Resumen (en)
Protected agriculture is a way of producing food by creating a microclimate that allows protecting a crop from the risks inherent in free exposure; in this sense, its purpose is to guarantee the optimal and appropriate conditions of internal variables to generate reproduction, development and growth of plants with quality and commercial opportunity. In this way, the application of technologies to crops has extended considerably due to the need to optimize this productive alternative: in this respect, there are multiple scattered investigations based on particular designs of elements such as greenhouses. Therefore, this article shows a review on protected agriculture aimed at the automation of greenhouses in countries that have implemented emerging technologies in this field and the consequent control generated in the stages of the production cycle through sensors, actuators, specific covers or robots designed to perform tasks such as spraying or harvesting, among others. Key analysis elements are presented on the modeling of the phenomenon that underlies the implementations, so that systems with the necessary adaptation are achieved for any crop, taking into account its type, cost and location, defining a baseline on the technologies that make it functional and efficient.
Resumen (es)
La agricultura protegida es una manera de producir alimentos creando un microclima que permite proteger un cultivo de los riesgos propios de la libre exposición; en este sentido, tiene como finalidad garantizar las condiciones óptimas y apropiadas de variables internas para generar la reproducción, desarrollo y crecimiento de plantas con calidad y oportunidad comercial. De esta manera, la aplicación de tecnologías a cultivos se ha extendido considerablemente por la necesidad de optimizar esta alternativa productiva: al respecto se encuentran múltiples investigaciones dispersas basadas en diseños particulares de elementos como los invernaderos. Por lo anterior, el presente artículo muestra una revisión sobre agricultura protegida orientada a la automatización de invernaderos en los países que han realizado implementaciones de tecnologías emergentes en este campo y el consecuente control generado en las etapas del ciclo productivo a través de sensores, actuadores, cubiertas específicas o robots diseñados para realizar tareas tales como fumigación o cosechado, entre otras. Se presentan elementos de análisis clave sobre el modelamiento del fenómeno que subyace a las implementaciones, de manera que se logren sistemas con la adaptación necesaria para cualquier cultivo teniendo en cuenta su tipo, costo y ubicación, definiendo una línea de base sobre las tecnologías que lo hacen funcional y eficiente.
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