Publicado:

2022-11-25

Número:

Vol. 16 Núm. 2 (2022)

Sección:

Visión de Contexto

The insufficiency of transitional justice for the peace building

La insuficiencia de la justicia transicional para la construcción de la paz

Autores/as

  • Beatriz Cuervo-Criales Universidad Autónoma de Colombia

Palabras clave:

Armed conflict, Humanitarian justice, International Humanitarian Law, Peaceful coexistence, State crimes, Submission (en).

Palabras clave:

Conflicto armado, Justicia humanitaria, Derecho Internacional Humanitario, Convivencia pacífica, Crímenes de Estado, Sometimiento (es).

Resumen (en)

Taking into account that the transitional justice arose under the same foundations of retribution and utilitarianism of ordinary justice and that the principles of truth, justice, reparation and non-repetition were implemented in the two transitional models based on denunciation, surrender and submission for some of the actors of the armed conflict who demobilized individually and collectively, based on a theoretical and case study, it was established that the Transitional Justice is insufficient for the construction of peace, since criminal law is not the way to achieve peaceful coexistence. We found that the main causes of this insufficiency are related to the conditional submission, the distortion of the truth, the lack of some actors in the conflict, the absence of a large part of the victims and the indifference to State crimes, among others; Because of that, we conclude that it is necessary to redirect Transitional Justice towards humanitarianism and recognition of the other, based on the principles of tolerance, unity in diversity, prospective justice, ideological pluralism, pro-victim and pro-homine, in a structural way; in order to overcome violence and move seriously towards peaceful coexistence, as a founding value proclaimed by the Colombian people in the preamble of the political charter.

Resumen (es)

Teniendo en cuenta que la Justicia Transicional surgió bajo los mismos fundamentos del retribucionismo y utilitarismo de la justicia ordinaria y que los principios de verdad, justicia, reparación y no repetición, se implementaron en los dos modelos transicionales a partir de la delación, la rendición y el sometimiento para algunos de los actores del conflicto armado que se desmovilizaron de manera individual y colectiva, a partir de un estudio teórico y de casos, se logró establecer que la Jtr resulta insuficiente para la construcción de la paz, ya que el derecho penal, no es el camino para lograr la convivencia pacífica. Encontramos que las principales causas de esta insuficiencia están relacionadas con el sometimiento condicionado, la distorsión de la verdad, la falta de algunos actores del conflicto, la ausencia de gran parte de las víctimas y la indiferencia frente a los crímenes de Estado, entre otras; por ello, concluimos, que es necesario redireccionar la Jtr hacia el humanitarismo y el reconocimiento del otro, a partir de los principios de tolerancia, unidad en la diversidad, justicia prospectiva, pluralismo ideológico, pro víctima y pro homine, de manera estructural; con el fin de superar las violencias y transitar en serio, hacia la convivencia pacífica, como valor fundante proclamado por el pueblo colombiano en el preámbulo de la carta política.

Referencias

Legislative Act 01. (2017). By means of which a title of transitory provisions of the Constitution is created for the termination of the armed conflict and the construction of a stable and lasting peace and other provisions are enacted. Official Gazette No. 50196 of April 4TH, 2017.

Final Agreement (2016). Final Agreement for the Termination of the Conflict and the Construction of a Stable and Lasting Peace. Bogotá, D.C.

Ruling , TP-SA 199 para 15 (Peace Tribunal Appeals Division 2019).

Ruling 19, macro-case 01 (Special Jurisdiction for Peace January 26th 2021).

Ruling 244, macro-case 01 (Special Jurisdiction for Peace Oct 29TH 2021).

C. Beccaria, “Tratado de los delitos y de las penas”. Madrid, 2015

E. Bloch, “Derecho natural y dignidad humana”. Madrid, 1980.

F. Carrara, “Programa de Derecho Criminal”. Parte General Volume I. Bogotá: Temis, 1988.

Inter-American Court of Human Rights ( January 15th 2022). Inter-American Court of Human Rights Judgments. Retrieved from https://www.corteidh.or.cr/casos_sentencias.cfm

Decree 3011 ( December 26th 2013). By which Laws 975 of 2005, 1448 of 2011 and 1592 of 2012 are regulated.

Espectador, E. (12 May 2008). Massive extradition of paramilitary leaders. El Espectador.

FERRAJOLI, L. (1997). Derecho y Razon. Teoria del garantismo penal. Madrid: Trotta.

Fiscalia General de la Nación ( October 4th 2012). Directive 001. Bogotá.

FOUCAULT, M. (1989). Vigilar y Castigar. Nacimiento de la prisión. Madrid: Siglo XXI editores.

GRADOLI, A. (06, 2013). https://neurofilosofia.com/no-hay-hechos-hay-interpretaciones/. Retrieved from https://neurofilosofia.com/no-hay-hechos-hay-interpretaciones/

JEP. (December 17th 2021). JURISDICCION ESPECIAL PARA LA PAZ. retrieved from https://www.jep.gov.co/jepcifras/JEP%20en%20cifras%20-%20diciembre%2017%20de%202021.pdf

The Bible (1990). Genesis. Bogotá: United Bible Societies.

Law 1592 (03 of 12 of 2012). Official Gazette 48.633.

Law 1820. (2016). Whereby provisions on amnesty, pardon and special criminal treatment and other provisions are issued.

Law 1922 (2018). Whereby rules of procedure for the Special Jurisdiction for Peace are adopted. Official Journal No. 50658 of July 18th2018.

Law 1957. (2019). Statutory for the Administration of Justice in the Special Jurisdiction for Peace.

Law 975. (2005). By which provisions are issued for the reincorporation of members of armed groups organised outside the law, who contribute effectively to the achievement of national peace and other provisions are issued for humanitarian agreements. Official Gazette No. 45.980 of July 25th 2005.

Macrocaso, 01 ( July 04th 2018). Retrieved from https://www.jep.gov.co/especiales1/macrocasos/01.html

MIR PUIG, S. (2004). Derecho Penal. Parte General . Montevideo - Buenos Aires: IBdeF.

NIETZCHE, F. ( March 2nd 2020). From the postumos fragments. Language and knowledge. Retrieved from Elejandria: https://www.elejandria.com/libro/fragmentos-postumos/friedrich-nietzsche/1049

Plebiscito (October 2nd 2016). Registraduria Nacional del Estado Civil. Retrieved from https://elecciones.registraduria.gov.co/pre_plebis_2016/99PL/DPLZ_L1.htm

Judgment, Case of Las Palmeras v Colombia (I/A Court H.R., February 4th 2000).

Judgment, Case of the 19 Merchants v Colombia (Inter-American Court of Human Rights June 12th 2002).

Judgment, Case of 19 Merchants v Colombia (Inter-American Court of Human Rights July 5th 2004 para. 84e).

Judgment, Case of Manuel Cepeda Vargas v Colombia (Inter-American Court of Human Rights May 26th 2010).

Judgment, Caballero Delgado and Santana v. Colombia (I/A Court H.R. Dec 8th. 1995).

Judgment, GOIBURÓ Y OTRO v PARAGUAY (Inter-American Court of Human Rights 9/22/2000 para. 35).

Judgment, Case of Gutierrez Soler v Colombia (Inter-American Court of Human Rights September 12th 2005).

Judgment, Case of the "Mapiripan Massacre" v. Colombia (I/A Court H.R., Sept. 15th 2005).

Judgment, Case of the Pueblo Bello Massacre v. Colombia (I/A Court H.R. Jan. 31st 2006).

Judgment, Case of the Ituango Massacres v. Colombia (Inter-American Court of Human Rights July 1st 2006).

Judgment, Case of the Rochela Massacre v. Colombia (Inter-American Court of Human Rights May 11th 2007).

Judgment, Case of Escué Zapata v. Colombia (I/A Court H.R., July 4th 2007).

Judgment, Case of Valle Jaramillo et al. v. Colombia (I/A Court H.R. 27/11/2008).

Judgment, Case of the Santo Domingo Massacre v. Colombia (IACHR Court November 30th 2012).

Judgment, Case of the Displaced Afro-descendant Communities of the Cacarica [2] River Basin (Operation Genesis) v. Colombia (I/A Court H.R., November 20th 2013).

Judgment, Case of Rodriguez Vera and Others (Disappeared from the Palace of [2] Justice) v. Colombia (I/A Court H.R., November 14th 2014).

Judgment, Case of Yarse et al. v. Colombia (IACHR Court November 22nd 2016).

Judgment, Case of Vereda La Esperanza v Colombia (I/A Court H.R., November 21st 2018).

Judgment, Case of Omeara Carrascal et al v. Colombia (Inter-American Court of HumanRights November 21st2018).

Judgment, Case of Isaza Uribe et al v. Colombia (I/A Court H.R., November 20th 2018).

Judgment, Case of Bedoya Lima v. Colombia (I/A Court H.R. Aug. 26th 2021).

Cómo citar

APA

Cuervo-Criales, B. (2022). The insufficiency of transitional justice for the peace building. Visión electrónica, 16(2). https://revistas.udistrital.edu.co/index.php/visele/article/view/20501

ACM

[1]
Cuervo-Criales, B. 2022. The insufficiency of transitional justice for the peace building. Visión electrónica. 16, 2 (nov. 2022).

ACS

(1)
Cuervo-Criales, B. The insufficiency of transitional justice for the peace building. Vis. Electron. 2022, 16.

ABNT

CUERVO-CRIALES, Beatriz. The insufficiency of transitional justice for the peace building. Visión electrónica, [S. l.], v. 16, n. 2, 2022. Disponível em: https://revistas.udistrital.edu.co/index.php/visele/article/view/20501. Acesso em: 28 abr. 2024.

Chicago

Cuervo-Criales, Beatriz. 2022. «The insufficiency of transitional justice for the peace building». Visión electrónica 16 (2). https://revistas.udistrital.edu.co/index.php/visele/article/view/20501.

Harvard

Cuervo-Criales, B. (2022) «The insufficiency of transitional justice for the peace building», Visión electrónica, 16(2). Disponible en: https://revistas.udistrital.edu.co/index.php/visele/article/view/20501 (Accedido: 28 abril 2024).

IEEE

[1]
B. Cuervo-Criales, «The insufficiency of transitional justice for the peace building», Vis. Electron., vol. 16, n.º 2, nov. 2022.

MLA

Cuervo-Criales, Beatriz. «The insufficiency of transitional justice for the peace building». Visión electrónica, vol. 16, n.º 2, noviembre de 2022, https://revistas.udistrital.edu.co/index.php/visele/article/view/20501.

Turabian

Cuervo-Criales, Beatriz. «The insufficiency of transitional justice for the peace building». Visión electrónica 16, no. 2 (noviembre 25, 2022). Accedido abril 28, 2024. https://revistas.udistrital.edu.co/index.php/visele/article/view/20501.

Vancouver

1.
Cuervo-Criales B. The insufficiency of transitional justice for the peace building. Vis. Electron. [Internet]. 25 de noviembre de 2022 [citado 28 de abril de 2024];16(2). Disponible en: https://revistas.udistrital.edu.co/index.php/visele/article/view/20501

Descargar cita

Visitas

4

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.
Loading...