DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14483/22487638.18612Publicado:
2023-07-12Número:
Vol. 27 Núm. 76 (2023): Abril - JunioSección:
InvestigaciónActividades de construcción sencillas desarrolladas por sistemas aéreos no tripulados
Straightforward Construction Activities Developed by Unmanned Aerial Systems
Palabras clave:
robotics, UAV, UAS, construction, assembly (en).Palabras clave:
robótica, UAV, UAS, construcción, ensamblaje (es).Descargas
Resumen (es)
Contexto: Los vehículos aéreos no tripulados (UAV, por sus siglas en inglés) han tomado gran relevancia en los últimos años, al integrarse en diversos sectores de la economía, como el agrícola, energético, público, construcción, entre otros. Precisamente, en este último sector, se han venido realizando avances que permiten la manipulación, transporte e identificación de elementos propios del sector, así como la cooperación entre distintos robots aéreos o robots terrestres para solucionar el problema de límite de carga, asociado a los UAV.
Método: Este trabajo está dividido en cuatro categorías en las que los UAV y los sistemas aéreos no tripulados (UAS, por su sigla en inglés) han aportado al desarrollo de actividades de construcción de forma autónoma. Se realiza una búsqueda exhaustiva mediante Google Scholar empleando palabras claves tales como “UAV”, “robotics”, “UAS”, “construction”, “cooperation”, “architecture” y “assembly”, las cuales permiten identificar trabajos desarrollados en este campo. En la búsqueda se realiza combinaciones entre las distintas palabras con el fin de reducir el amplio panorama que se presenta al utilizar tan solo una de ellas.
Resultados: Se obtiene un panorama de diversos sistemas aéreos no tripulados que ejecutan tareas simples que conlleven la automatización del sector de la construcción; en ese sentido, se enumeran las características, virtudes y limitantes actuales de estos sistemas, así como, los desafíos que se proponen a futuro.
Conclusiones: El mercado actual de UAV está orientado principalmente a sistemas teleoperados; sin embargo, centros de investigación han venido desarrollando UAV y UAS más autónomos. La baja capacidad de carga de estos sistemas ha sido compensada con la cooperación entre robots aéreos, terrestres e, inclusive, humanos. Dicha cooperación exige la creación de algoritmos que coordinen todos los agentes que intervienen en el sistema. Se deben tener en cuenta las condiciones del entorno de construcción, así como, la precisión y estabilidad de estos sistemas.
Resumen (en)
Context: Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have become very important in recent years, integrating these robots into various sectors of the economy, such as agriculture, energy, public, construction, among others; precisely in this last mentioned sector (construction), advances have been made, allowing the manipulation, transport and identification of building elements, as well as cooperation between different aerial robots and/or ground robots to solve the payload limit problem, associated with UAVs.
Method: This paper is divided into four categories where UAVs and UAS have been contributing to the development of construction activities autonomously. The first category presents works in which UAS build modular architectural structures; the second category exposes works in which UAVs are equipped with robotic arms to perform manipulation tasks; the third category presents works of cooperation between aerial robots and robots; finally, the fourth category presents unmanned aerial systems for payload transportation.
Method: This paper is divided into four categories where UAVs and UAS have been contributing to the development of construction activities autonomously. An exhaustive search is carried on through Google Scholar using keywords such as UAV, robotics, UAS, construction, cooperation, architecture and assembly; which allow identifying developed works in this field. Combinations among the different keywords are accomplished in order to reduce the obtained extensive results of using only one of them.
Results: An overview of various unmanned aerial systems is obtained by performing simple tasks that lead to the automation of the construction sector. The current characteristics, virtues
and limitations of these systems are shown, as well as the challenges that are proposed for the future.
Conclusions: The current market for UAVs is mainly oriented towards teleoperated systems; however, research centers have been developing more autonomous UAVs and UASs. The low payload capacity of these systems has been compensated with the cooperation between aerial, terrestrial and even human robots. This same cooperation requires the creation of algorithms that coordinate all the agents that intervene in the system. The conditions of the construction environment must be taken into account, as well as the precision and stability of these systems.
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