DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14483/2256201X.22939Publicado:
01-07-2025Número:
Vol. 28 Núm. 2 (2025): Julio-diciembreSección:
Artículos de revisiónEvaluación del impacto del biocarbón en la calidad de suelos agrícolas: una revisión sistemática
Assessing the Impact of Biochar on Agricultural Soil Quality: A Systematic Review
Palabras clave:
Residual biomass , soil amendment, soil properties, agricultural yield (en).Palabras clave:
Biomasa residual, enmienda del suelo, propiedades del suelo, rendimiento agrícola (es).Descargas
Resumen (es)
El manejo agrícola convencional ha acelerado la degradación del suelo, afectando su calidad y sostenibilidad. El biocarbón, un material carbonoso producido por pirólisis, ha surgido como una solución para restaurar suelos agrícolas y reducir la dependencia de fertilizantes químicos. En este trabajo se analizó el impacto del biocarbón en la calidad del suelo mediante una revisión sistemática de artículos científicos. Se encontró que la biomasa agrícola es la principal fuente de biocarbón (61 %), seguida de la biomasa forestal (23 %), el estiércol animal (8 %), la biomasa urbana (5 %) y la industrial (3 %). El biocarbón mejora propiedades clave del suelo, como la retención de agua (hasta en un 31 %) y la porosidad (14-19 %), además de estimular la actividad microbiana y enzimática. Estos beneficios resaltan su potencial para optimizar la calidad edáfica y aumentar el rendimiento agrícola.
Resumen (en)
Conventional agricultural management has accelerated soil degradation, affecting soil quality and sustainability. Biochar, a carbonaceous material produced by pyrolysis, has emerged as a solution to restore agricultural soils and reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers. In this work, the impact of biochar on soil quality was analyzed through a systematic review of scientific articles. Agricultural biomass was found to be the main source of biochar (61%), followed by forest biomass (23%), animal manure (8%), urban biomass (5%) and industrial biomass (3%). Biochar improves key soil properties such as water retention (by up to 31%) and porosity (14-19%), in addition to stimulating microbial and enzymatic activity. These benefits highlight its potential to optimize soil quality and increase agricultural yields.
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