DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14483/23448350.24335Published:
08/31/2026Issue:
Vol. 53 No. 2 (2026): Vol. 53 No. 2 (2026): May-August 2026Section:
Research ArticlesSeries and Parallel Connections: An Articulating Topic in Teaching Physics
Conexiones en serie y en paralelo: un tema articulador en la enseñanza de la física
Keywords:
series connections, parallel connections, conservation principles, physics education (en).Keywords:
conexiones en serie, conexiones en paralelo, principios de conservación, enseñanza de la física (es).Downloads
Abstract (en)
The fragmented treatment of series and parallel connections across isolated chapters in university physics textbooks limits students' ability to recognize the deep conceptual structure shared by these configurations. To address this issue, we conducted a systematic review of 11 widely used textbooks, peer-reviewed literature, and large language models (ChatGPT and DeepSeek), identifying 15 physical devices that admit series and parallel configurations across multiple physics domains: electromagnetism, oscillations and waves, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, geometrical optics, and classical mechanics. We propose treating these connections as a unifying theme in university-level physics education, grounded in four fundamental conservation principles: energy, mass, charge, and linear momentum. To this effect, we present a constructivist instructional sequence, structured around the POSSE methodology and PhET interactive simulations, designed for introductory and intermediate physics courses without the need for curricular restructuring. This integrative approach allows students to transfer a single conceptual framework across physics domains, replacing fragmented procedural learning with meaningful cross-domain understanding. Additionally, we derive a new general expression for the equivalent mass of n + 1 identical masses suspended from n pulleys in series, extending previous treatments beyond low-order cases. We also demonstrate that it is impossible for any pair of physically admissible devices to yield the same equivalent quantity in both series and parallel configurations, reflecting the fundamentally distinct algebraic structures for each connection type.
Abstract (es)
El tratamiento fragmentado de las conexiones en serie y en paralelo a lo largo de capítulos aislados en los libros de texto universitarios de física limita la capacidad de los estudiantes para reconocer la profunda estructura conceptual que comparten estas configuraciones. Para abordar este problema, llevamos a cabo una revisión sistemática de 11 libros de texto ampliamente utilizados, literatura revisada por pares y modelos de lenguaje extensos (ChatGPT y DeepSeek), identificando 15 dispositivos físicos que admiten configuraciones en serie y en paralelo a través de múltiples dominios de la física: electromagnetismo, oscilaciones y ondas, mecánica de fluidos, termodinámica, óptica geométrica y mecánica clásica. Proponemos tratar estas conexiones como un tema unificador en la educación en física a nivel universitario, con fundamento en cuatro principios de conservación fundamentales: energía, masa, carga y momento lineal. Para ello, presentamos una secuencia instruccional constructivista, estructurada en torno a la metodología POSSE y simulaciones interactivas PhET, diseñada para cursos de física introductorios e intermedios sin requerir una reestructuración curricular. Este enfoque integrador permite a los estudiantes transferir un único marco conceptual a través de los dominios de la física, reemplazando el aprendizaje procedimental fragmentado por una comprensión transversal y significativa. Adicionalmente, deducimos una nueva expresión general para la masa equivalente de n + 1 masas idénticas suspendidas de n poleas en serie, extendiendo los tratamientos previos más allá de los casos de orden inferior. También demostramos que es imposible que cualquier par de dispositivos físicamente admisibles produzca la misma cantidad equivalente tanto en serie como en paralelo, lo que refleja las estructuras algebraicas fundamentalmente distintas de cada tipo de conexión.
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