DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14483/23448393.21003

Published:

2024-01-17

Issue:

Vol. 29 No. 1 (2024): January-April

Section:

Biomedical Engineering

Statistical Analysis by Linear Regression of the Prevalence of Flatfoot in Preschool Children of a Mexican Community

Análisis estadístico por regresión lineal de la prevalencia de pie plano en preescolar de una comunidad de México

Authors

Keywords:

statistical method, linear regression, flatfoot (en).

Keywords:

pie plano, método estadístico, regresión lineal (es).

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Abstract (en)

Context: In Mexico's rural towns, it is essential to generate a culture of studying the prevalence of flat feet in children aged 3 to 5, whose arch is still in development and can be corrected. By means of a computer application, statistical bar graph and correlation studies via linear regression can validate the results obtained regarding the categorization of infants' footprint type, which are acquired through the Hernández Corvo index (HCI), Clarke’s angle protocol (CA), the Staheli index (SI), the Chippaux index (CI), and the body mass index (BMI).

Methods: A statistical analysis of the plantar footprint of 95 infants in a rural region of Mexico was carried out, employing a computational technique together with a photo-podoscope. Footprint images were acquired, processed, and classified. The footprint type was categorized with respect to the HCI, CA, and the Staheli-Chippaux index (SCI). The footprint distribution was validated via the linear regression method.

Results: We evidenced a prevalence of flat foot of 54,7% in relation to HCI, 58,9% in relation to CA, and 61,05% in relation to SCI, where the male gender was shown to be more susceptible (up to 28, 32, and 33 cases, respectively). The best prediction was obtained using the SI and the CI: 90,7 and 87,0% for the right and left feet, with a positive increase. No dependence on body composition was observed.

Conclusions: The diagnosis of the type of footstep, in its normal, cavus, and flat categories, shows the prevalence of flat feet among infants aged 3 to 5, with at least 28 cases, mostly male and without dependence on weight. Although it is difficult to perform plantar footprint diagnoses in the rural communities of Mexico, this statistical study highlights the importance of monitoring foot development in preschool infants with the advantages and practicality of computational techniques.

Abstract (es)

Contexto: En las comunidades de México, es fundamental generar una cultura de estudiar la prevalencia del pie plano en niños de 3 a 5 años, cuyo arco aún está en desarrollo y se puede corregir. Mediante el uso de una aplicación computacional, los estudios estadísticos de gráficos de barras y correlación por medio de regresión lineal validan los resultados sobre la categorización del tipo de pisada del infante, los cuales se adquieren mediante el índice Hernández Corvo (HCI), el protocolo del ángulo de Clarke (CA), el índice Staheli (SI), el índice Chippaux (CI) y el índice de masa corporal (BMI).

Método: Se realizó un análisis estadístico de la huella plantar de 95 infantes de una comunidad de México, empleando una técnica computacional junto con un fotopodoscopio. Se adquirió, procesó y clasificó la imagen de la pisada. Se categorizó el tipo de pisada con respecto al HCI, el CA y el índice Staheli-Chippaux (SCI). La distribución de las huellas se validó mediante el método de regresión lineal.

Resultados: Se evidenció una prevalencia de pie plano de 54,7 % respecto al HCI, 58,9 % respecto al CA y 61,05 % respecto al SCI, donde el sexo masculino fue el más susceptible (hasta 28, 32 y 33 casos). La mejor predicción se obtuvo mediante el SI y el CI: 90,7 y 87,0% para los pies derecho e izquierdo, con incremento positivo. No se observó dependencia con la composición corporal.

Conclusiones: El diagnóstico del tipo de pisada, en sus categorías normal, cavo y plano, evidencia la prevalencia del pie plano entre los infantes de 3 a 5 años, con al menos 28 casos, en su mayoría masculinos y sin dependencia del peso. Si bien es difícil realizar diagnósticos de huella plantar en las comunidades rurales de México, este estudio estadístico muestra la importancia de monitorear el desarrollo del pie en infantes de preescolar, con las ventajas y la practicidad de las técnicas computacionales.  

Author Biographies

Carlos I. Cabrera-Perez, National Technological Institute of Mexico

Mechatronics Engineering in National Technological Institute of Mexico/ Irapuato

Juan A. López-Valdez, National Technological Institute of Mexico

Mechatronics Engineering in National Technological Institute of Mexico/ Irapuato

Horacio Rostro-González, Universidad de Guanajuato

Full Professor, B titular. Eng. Electronic, SNI II. University of Guanajuato/DICIS

Jatziry S. Cano-Lara, Mexican Social Security Institute

Nutrition Specialist, IMSS/High Specialty Medicine Unit

Miroslava Cano-Lara, National Technological Institute of Mexico

Full Professor, B titular. Eng. Mechatronic, SNI I TecNM/Irapuato

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How to Cite

APA

Cabrera-Perez, C. I., López-Valdez, J. A., Rostro-González, H., Cano-Lara, J. S., and Cano-Lara, M. (2024). Statistical Analysis by Linear Regression of the Prevalence of Flatfoot in Preschool Children of a Mexican Community. Ingeniería, 29(1), e21003. https://doi.org/10.14483/23448393.21003

ACM

[1]
Cabrera-Perez, C.I. et al. 2024. Statistical Analysis by Linear Regression of the Prevalence of Flatfoot in Preschool Children of a Mexican Community. Ingeniería. 29, 1 (Jan. 2024), e21003. DOI:https://doi.org/10.14483/23448393.21003.

ACS

(1)
Cabrera-Perez, C. I.; López-Valdez, J. A.; Rostro-González, H.; Cano-Lara, J. S.; Cano-Lara, M. Statistical Analysis by Linear Regression of the Prevalence of Flatfoot in Preschool Children of a Mexican Community. Ing. 2024, 29, e21003.

ABNT

CABRERA-PEREZ, Carlos I.; LÓPEZ-VALDEZ, Juan A.; ROSTRO-GONZÁLEZ, Horacio; CANO-LARA, Jatziry S.; CANO-LARA, Miroslava. Statistical Analysis by Linear Regression of the Prevalence of Flatfoot in Preschool Children of a Mexican Community. Ingeniería, [S. l.], v. 29, n. 1, p. e21003, 2024. DOI: 10.14483/23448393.21003. Disponível em: https://revistas.udistrital.edu.co/index.php/reving/article/view/21003. Acesso em: 30 apr. 2024.

Chicago

Cabrera-Perez, Carlos I., Juan A. López-Valdez, Horacio Rostro-González, Jatziry S. Cano-Lara, and Miroslava Cano-Lara. 2024. “Statistical Analysis by Linear Regression of the Prevalence of Flatfoot in Preschool Children of a Mexican Community”. Ingeniería 29 (1):e21003. https://doi.org/10.14483/23448393.21003.

Harvard

Cabrera-Perez, C. I. (2024) “Statistical Analysis by Linear Regression of the Prevalence of Flatfoot in Preschool Children of a Mexican Community”, Ingeniería, 29(1), p. e21003. doi: 10.14483/23448393.21003.

IEEE

[1]
C. I. Cabrera-Perez, J. A. López-Valdez, H. Rostro-González, J. S. Cano-Lara, and M. Cano-Lara, “Statistical Analysis by Linear Regression of the Prevalence of Flatfoot in Preschool Children of a Mexican Community”, Ing., vol. 29, no. 1, p. e21003, Jan. 2024.

MLA

Cabrera-Perez, Carlos I., et al. “Statistical Analysis by Linear Regression of the Prevalence of Flatfoot in Preschool Children of a Mexican Community”. Ingeniería, vol. 29, no. 1, Jan. 2024, p. e21003, doi:10.14483/23448393.21003.

Turabian

Cabrera-Perez, Carlos I., Juan A. López-Valdez, Horacio Rostro-González, Jatziry S. Cano-Lara, and Miroslava Cano-Lara. “Statistical Analysis by Linear Regression of the Prevalence of Flatfoot in Preschool Children of a Mexican Community”. Ingeniería 29, no. 1 (January 17, 2024): e21003. Accessed April 30, 2024. https://revistas.udistrital.edu.co/index.php/reving/article/view/21003.

Vancouver

1.
Cabrera-Perez CI, López-Valdez JA, Rostro-González H, Cano-Lara JS, Cano-Lara M. Statistical Analysis by Linear Regression of the Prevalence of Flatfoot in Preschool Children of a Mexican Community. Ing. [Internet]. 2024 Jan. 17 [cited 2024 Apr. 30];29(1):e21003. Available from: https://revistas.udistrital.edu.co/index.php/reving/article/view/21003

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