DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14483/22486798.22039Publicado:
12-08-2024Número:
Vol. 29 Núm. 1 (2024): Lenguaje, medios audiovisuales y tecnología (Ene-Jun)Sección:
Lenguaje, medios audiovisuales y tecnologíaCategorías
Inteligencia artificial (IA) en las escuelas: una revisión sistemática (2019-2023)
Artificial Intelligence in Schools: A Systematic Review (2019-2023)
Inteligência artificial nas escolas: uma revisão sistemática (2019 - 2023)
Palabras clave:
Inteligencia artificial, formación de docentes, pedagogía, ética, gestión educativa (es).Palabras clave:
Artificial intelligence, teacher training, pedagogy, ethics, educational management (en).Palabras clave:
Inteligência artificial, formação de professores, pedagogia, ética, gestão educacional (pt).Descargas
Resumen (es)
La inteligencia artificial (IA) ha surgido como una herramienta innovadora, con programas como ChatGPT, Gemini, entre otros, con un gran potencial para transformar la educación, y para adaptarse a plataformas digitales existentes y revolucionando los procesos de enseñanza. Este artículo tiene el objetivo de proporcionar una visión amplia y equilibrada del panorama actual de la IA en las escuelas, para lo cual se realizó una revisión sistemática, mediante la metodología Prisma (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses), a partir de la cual se encontraron 52 artículos indexados en la base de datos Scopus durante el periodo de 2019 a 2023, que abordaban la temática de la IA en las escuelas. Según los resultados, hay cuatro áreas temáticas clave que destacan el impacto de la IA: (a) procesos de enseñanza; (b) pedagogía, currículo y formación docente; (c) gestión educativa, y (d) implicaciones éticas. Se concluyó que esta tecnología presenta un gran potencial para transformar la educación, por medio de herramientas innovadoras; mejorar la calidad del aprendizaje; optimizar la gestión educativa, y abordar desafíos como la personalización de la enseñanza y la evaluación del rendimiento. No obstante, su implementación debe ser planificada meticulosamente, y enmarcada en principios éticos sólidos y acompañada de un proceso de formación docente adecuado para garantizar el uso responsable y efectivo de esta tecnología en el ámbito educativo.
Resumen (en)
Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as an innovative tool, with applications such as ChatGPT and Gemini, among others, that show great potential to transform education, adapting to existing digital platforms and revolutionizing teaching processes. This article aims to provide a complete and balanced view of the current landscape of AI in schools, for which a systematic review was carried out using the PRISMA methodology. This allowed finding 52 articles indexed in the Scopus database between 2019 and 2023, which addressed the topic of AI in schools. The results revealed four key thematic areas that highlight the impact of AI: 1) teaching processes; 2) pedagogy, curriculum, and teacher training; 3) educational management; and 4) ethical implications. It was concluded that this technology has great potential to transform education through innovative tools aimed at improving the quality of learning, optimizing educational management, and addressing challenges such as the personalization of teaching and performance assessment. However, its implementation must be meticulously planned, framed in solid ethical principles, and accompanied by an adequate teacher training process that ensures its responsible and effective use in the field of education. This is why the permanent collaboration of teachers, education professionals, researchers, and policy makers is required, in order to leverage the opportunities offered by AI and work together to build an educational future that is of higher quality and more equitable and inclusive.
Resumen (pt)
A inteligência artificial (IA) surgiu como uma ferramenta inovadora, com programas como ChatGPT, Gemini, entre outros, com grande potencial para transformar a educação, adaptando-se às plataformas digitais existentes e revolucionando os processos de ensino. Este artigo tem como objetivo fornecer uma visão completa e equilibrada do panorama atual da IA nas escolas, para o qual foi realizada uma revisão sistemática, utilizando a metodologia PRISMA, que permitiu encontrar 52 artigos indexados na base de dados Scopus durante o período de 2019 até 2023, que abordou o tema IA nas escolas. Os resultados revelaram quatro áreas temáticas principais que destacam o impacto da IA: 1) Processos de ensino; 2) Pedagogia, currículo e formação docente; 3) Gestão educacional; e 4) Implicações éticas. Concluiu-se que esta tecnologia tem grande potencial para transformar a educação, através de ferramentas inovadoras para melhorar a qualidade da aprendizagem, otimizar a gestão educacional e enfrentar desafios como a personalização do ensino e a avaliação de desempenho. No entanto, a sua implementação deve ser meticulosamente planejada e enquadrada em sólidos princípios éticos, bem como ser acompanhada de um processo de formação de professores adequado para garantir a utilização responsável e eficaz desta tecnologia no campo educativo, razão pela qual é necessária a colaboração permanente dos professores, profissionais, pesquisadores da educação e atores políticos para aproveitarem as oportunidades oferecidas pela IA e trabalharem em conjunto para construir um futuro educativo mais equitativo, inclusivo e de qualidade.
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