
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14483/23448393.20447Published:
2023-10-17Issue:
Vol. 28 No. 3 (2023): September-DecemberSection:
Civil and Environmental EngineeringComparative Analysis between Singular Spectral Analysis and Empirical Mode Decomposition for Structural Damage Detection
Análisis comparativo entre el análisis singular espectral y la descomposición modal empírica para detección de daño estructural
Keywords:
Hilbert-Huang Transform, Signal Analysis, Structural Health Monitoring, Time-Frequency Analysis (en).Keywords:
Transformada Hilbert-Huang, Análisis de señales, Monitoreo de salud estructural, Análisis tiempo-frecuencia (es).Downloads
Abstract (en)
Context: In recent years, thanks to technological advances in instrumentation and digital signal processing, noninvasive methods to detect structural damage have become increasingly important. Vibration-based structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques allow detecting the presence and location of damage from permanent changes in the fundamental frequencies of signals. A successfully employed method for damage detection is empirical mode decomposition (EMD). Another method, less used in this field of study, is singular spectral analysis (SSA). This paper describes both methods and presents a simulation study aimed at comparing them and identifying which one is more effective in detecting structural damage.
Method: The methods of a reference study known as benchmark SHM were applied to facilitate the comparison. To evaluate the effectiveness of both methods, Monte Carlo simulation was employed. To control the random noise and other factors inherent to the simulation, the procedure was repeated 1.000 times for each type of damage.
Results: In the case of severe damage, both methods showed a good performance. However, when the damage was slight, the changes in the fundamental frequency were not apparent. However, a significant change in the amplitude level was observed. In this case, SSA obtained the best results.
Conclusions: The EMD and SSA methods, together with high-pass filtering, detected severe damage when the acceleration records had low or no noise. When the acceleration records were contaminated with noise, the likelihood of EMD detecting the damage decreased dramatically. One of the advantages of SSA over EMD is that, for moderate or mild damage patterns, the former does not require filters or the use of the Hilbert-Huang transform to detect damage. In general, it was found that SSA was more effective in detecting damage.
Abstract (es)
Contexto: En los últimos años, gracias a los avances tecnológicos en instrumentación y procesamiento digital de señales, los métodos no invasivos para la detección de daños estructurales se han vuelto cada vez más importantes. Las técnicas de monitoreo de salud estructural (SHM) basadas en vibraciones permiten identificar la presencia y ubicación del daño a partir de cambios permanentes en las frecuencias fundamentales de las señales. Un método empleado con éxito para la detección de daño es la descomposición modal empírica (EMD). Otro método menos utilizado en este campo de estudio es el análisis singular espectral (SSA). En este artículo se describen ambos métodos y se realiza un estudio de simulación para compararlos e identificar cuál es más efectivo en la detección del daño estructural. Métodos: Se aplicaron los métodos de un estudio de referencia conocido como benchmark SHM problem para facilitar la comparación. Para evaluar la efectividad de ambos métodos, se empleó la simulación Monte Carlo. Para controlar el ruido aleatorio y otros factores inherentes a la simulación, se repitió el procedimiento 1.000 veces para cada tipo de daño.
Resultados: En el caso de daño severo, ambos métodos mostraron un buen desempeño. Sin embargo, cuando el daño fue leve, los cambios en la frecuencia fundamental no fueron aparentes. Sin embargo, se observó un cambio significativo en el nivel de amplitud. En este caso, el método SSA obtuvo los mejores resultados.
Conclusiones: Los métodos EMD y SSA, junto con el filtro de paso alto, detectaron daños severos cuando los registros de aceleración tenían poco o ningún ruido. Cuando los registros de aceleración estaban contaminados con ruido, la probabilidad de que el EMD detectara el daño disminuyó drásticamente. Una de las ventajas del SSA sobre el EMD es que, para patrones de daño moderado o leve, el primero no requiere filtros ni el uso de la transformada Hilbert-Huang para detectar el daño. En general, se encontró que el SSA es más efectivo para la detección de daño.
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Copyright (c) 2023 González, E. C., Salcedo, G. E., and Cano, L.

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