DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14483/23448393.18852Published:
2023-02-28Issue:
Vol. 28 No. Suppl (2023): Bogotá, Committed with the Development of Science and TechnologySection:
Agricultural EngineeringInfluencia del tipo de fibras y del tratamiento superficial de las fibras en las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de compuestos reforzados con fibras vegetales
Influence of the type of fibers and the surface treatment of the fibers on the physical and mechanical properties of composites reinforced with vegetable fibers
Keywords:
biocomposites, physical properties, mechanical properties (en).Keywords:
biocompuestos, propiedades físicas, propiedades mecánicas (es).Downloads
Abstract (es)
Contexto: La preocupación por la mitigación del impacto ambiental generado por el uso de fibras sintéticas como refuerzo de los materiales compuestos tradicionales ha promovido el diseño y caracterización de compuestos elaborados a partir de la combinación de materiales de origen vegetal. No obstante, a pesar de sus múltiples ventajas, para su empleo eficiente como materiales de construcción es necesario profundizar en la determinación del efecto de los parámetros de diseño en su desempeño mecánico.
Método: El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar el efecto de los parámetros de diseño (tipo de fibras y tratamiento superficial en las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de paneles elaborados con materiales (fibras y resina) de origen vegetal. Para la elaboración del compuesto fueron utilizadas dos tipos de fibras: fibras de Arundo Dónax y fibras de Guadua Angustifolia Kunth. Para la elaboración de los paneles las fibras fueron distribuidas de manera aleatoria en una resina vegetal, obtenida a partir del procesamiento del aceite de ricino. Para evaluar el efecto del tratamiento en las propiedades del compuesto tres condiciones fueron consideradas: fibras sin tratamiento, fibras tratadas con solución de hidróxido de sodio y fibras tratadas con plasma. La densidad en estado anhidro, la capacidad de absorción efectiva, la absorción superficial, el porcentaje de hinchamiento, el módulo de rotura y el módulo de elasticidad aparente fueron determinados experimentalmente. A partir de los resultados experimentales se realizó un análisis de la superficie de respuesta mediante la implementación de un diseño central compuesto, utilizando un programa comercial.
Resultados: A partir de los resultados experimentales se realizó un análisis de la superficie de respuesta. Para cada una de las propiedades estudiadas se obtuvieron los diagramas de Pareto y los gráficos de contorno. A partir de los resultados estadísticos fue posible establecer ecuaciones que permiten predecir las propiedades del compuesto en función del tipo de fibra y el tratamiento aplicado en su superficie.
Conclusiones: A partir de los resultados obtenidos fue posible verificar el efecto del tipo de fibras y de su modificación superficial en las propiedades físicas de compuestos elaborados con materiales de origen vegetal. Otros parámetros como orientación de las fibras, así como variables asociadas a las condiciones de procesamiento (presión y tiempo de compactación) pueden influir en las propiedades del material) y serán abordadas en trabajos futuros.
Abstract (en)
Context: The concern for mitigating the environmental impact generated by the use of synthetic fibers as reinforcement of traditional composite materials has promoted the design and characterization of composites made from the combination of materials of plant origin. However, despite its multiple advantages, for its efficient use as construction materials it is necessary to deepen the determination of the effect of design parameters on its mechanical performance.
Method: The objective of this study is to determine the effect of the design parameters (type of fibers and surface treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of panels made with materials (fibers and resin) of plant origin. For the elaboration of the composite, two types of fibers were used: Arundo Dónax fibers and Guadua Angustifolia Kunth fibers. To produce the panels, the fibers were randomly distributed in a vegetable resin, obtained from the processing of castor oil. To evaluate the effect of the treatment on the properties of the composite three conditions were considered: fibers without treatment, fibers treated with sodium hydroxide solution and fibers treated with plasma. The density in anhydrous state, the effective absorption capacity, the surface absorption, the swelling percentage, the breaking modulus, and the apparent elastic modulus were determined experimentally. From the experimental results, an analysis of the response surface was carried out through the implementation of a central compound design, using a commercial software.
Results: From the experimental results an analysis of the response surface was carried out. Pareto diagrams and contour graphs were obtained for each of the properties studied. From the statistical results it was possible to establish equations that allow predicting the properties of the compound based on the type of fiber and the treatment applied to its surface.
Conclusions: From the results, it was possible to verify the effect of the type of fibers and their surface modification on the physical properties of compounds made with materials of plant origin. Other parameters such as orientation of the fibers, as well as variables associated with the processing conditions (pressure and compaction time) can influence the properties of the material) and will be evaluated in future works
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Copyright (c) 2023 Martha Lissette Sánchez-Cruz, Gil Capote Rodriguez, Juan Pablo Patiño-Quiazua
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