DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14483/23448393.21172Published:
2024-07-17Issue:
Vol. 29 No. 2 (2024): May-AugustSection:
Chemical, Food, and Environmental EngineeringDetermining the Pulping Conditions and Properties of Unbleached Pulp from Uruguayan Pinus Taeda
Determinación de las condiciones de pulpeo y propiedades de pulpa marrón a partir de Pinus taeda Uruguayo
Keywords:
kraft pulp, Paper properties, Pinus taeda (en).Keywords:
Pulpa kraft, Propiedades papeleras, Pino Taeda (es).Downloads
Abstract (en)
Context: In Uruguay, numerous Pinus taeda plantations are at final-turn age, but they still do not have commercial destination and are exported as green-wood logs. For the development of this sector, it is necessary to strive towards a comprehensive processing of this resource.
Method: This work focused on analyzing the use of Pinus taeda wood available in the country to produce brown kraft pulp with a kappa number of 80, which can be used to make packaging paper. As raw materials, we employed by-products from the mechanical wood-transformation industry (wood chips and thinning wood) and final-turn wood. Pulping tests were carried out, varying the alkali charge and the H-factor while aiming for a kappa number of 80. The viscosity, pulping, and rejection yield were measured in the pulps, and the pH and residual alkali content were evaluated in black liquor.
Results: Based on the results, the best pulping conditions were an active alkali charge of 14% (Na2O) and an H-factor of 1260 for sawmill chips and thinning wood, as well as an active alkali charge of 14% (Na2O) and an H-factor of 1080 for final-turn wood. The pulp obtained with sawmill chips exhibited the most resistant fibers, and the final-turn wood pulp was the most sensitive to the refining process. Under the aforementioned conditions, the paper properties of laboratory-produced pulp are comparable with those of commercial pulp.
Conclusions: This indicates that it is technologically possible to produce brown kraft pulp from Uruguayan Pinus taeda wood, with adequate quality to produce packaging paper
Abstract (es)
Contexto: En Uruguay existen numerosas plantaciones de Pinus taeda que están en edad de turno final, pero que aún no tienen un destino comercial y se exportan como troncos verdes. Para el desarrollo de este sector, es necesario buscar un procesamiento integral de este recurso.
Método: Este trabajo se enfocó en analizar el uso de la madera de Pinus taeda disponible en el país en la producción de pulpa kraft marrón con un número kappa de 80, que puede utilizarse para fabricar papel de embalaje. Como materia prima, se emplearon subproductos de la industria del aserrado (chips y madera de raleo) y madera de turno final. Se realizaron ensayos de pulpeo, variando la carga de álcali y el factor H con el objetivo de alcanzar un número kappa de 80. Sobre las pulpas se midieron la viscosidad, el rendimiento del pulpeo y el rechazo, y se evaluaron el pH y el contenido de álcali residual sobre el licor negro.
Resultados: Con base en los resultados, las mejores condiciones de pulpeo fueron una carga de álcali activo del 14 % (Na2O) y un factor H de 1260 para los chips de aserradero y la madera de raleo, así como una carga de álcali activo del 14 % (Na2O) y un factor H de 1080 para la madera de turno final. La pulpa obtenida con chips de aserradero presentó las fibras más resistentes, y la pulpa de madera de turno final fue la más sensible al proceso de refinado. Bajo las condiciones mencionadas, las propiedades papeleras de la pulpa producida en laboratorio son comparables con las de la pulpa comercial.
Conclusiones: Esto indica que es tecnológicamente posible producir pulpa kraft marrón a partir de madera de Pinus taeda uruguaya, con la calidad adecuada para producir papel de embalaje.
References
M. Boscana and L. Boragno (2018). “Estadísticas Forestales 2018,” Montevideo, Uruguay: Dirección General Forestal - Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca. [Online] Available: http://www.mgap.gub.uy/sites/default/files/dgf_boletin_estadistico_2018_0.pdf
Uruguay XXI, “Informe del sector forestal en Uruguay,” 2016, [Online]. Available: http://www.uruguayxxi.gub.uy/inversiones/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2014/09/Sector-Forestal-Uruguay-XXI-2014.pdf
A. Dieste, Programa de promoción de exportaciones de productor de madera, Uruguay: Dirección Nacional de Industria, Ministerio de Industria, Energía y Minería, Consejo sectorial Forestal-Maderero, 2012.
Ministerio de Industria, “Balance energético nacional,” 2023. [Online] Available: https://ben.miem.gub.uy/descargas/1balance/1-1-Libro-BEN2022.pdf.
“Data Bridge - market research,” 2022. [Online] Available: https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/news/global-bleached-kraft-pulp-market
FAO, "Pulp and paper capacities – Survey | Capacités de la pâte et du papier - Enquête | Capacidades de pulpa y papel - Estudio 2019–2024," 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1212t
“Molded Fiber Pulp Packaging Market Size & Share by 2033.” https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/moulded-fibre-pulp-packaging-market#:~:text=Molded Fiber Pulp Packaging Market Snapshot&text=The overall ten-year compound,of COVID-19 induced restrictions.. (accessed Sep. 26, 2023).
H. Sixta, Handbook of pulp, 1st ed., Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527619887
K. Kaihonen, et al., “Know Pulp,” 2022 [Online]. Available: https://www.knowpulp.com
M. A. Vivian et al., “Wood quality of Pinus taeda and Pinus sylvestris for kraft pulp production,” Sci. For., vol. 43, no. 105, pp. 183–191, 2015.
M. Akgül, Y. Çöpür, and S. Temiz, “A comparison of kraft and kraft-sodium borohydrate brutia pine pulps,” Build. Environ., vol. 42, no. 7, pp. 2586–2590, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.07.022
S. H. Yoon and A. Van Heiningen, “Kraft pulping and papermaking properties of hot-water pre-extracted loblolly pine in an integrated forest products biorefinery,” Tappi J., vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 22–27, 2008.
C. Fuenmayor and S. W. Park, “Evaluación del efecto de la carga alcalina y factor H en el pulpeo kraft de Pinus Caribaea var . hondurensis de las plantaciones de CVG-PROFORCA – Venezuela,” Copérnico, vol. 7, pp. 03–14, 2007. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303051113
F. Huang and A. Ragauskas, “Extraction of hemicellulose from loblolly pine woodchips and subsequent kraft pulping,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 1743–1749, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie302242h
S. D. Mansfield, K. K. Y. Wong, and A. R. Dickson, “Variation in the response of three different Pinus radiata kraft pulps to xylanase treatments,” Wood Fiber Sci., vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 105–115, 2000.
P. Martinez, “Efecto del sobre espesor de las astillas de Pinus radiata en el proceso de cocción kraft”, Master's dissertation, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil, 2012. [Online]. Available: https://www.locus.ufv.br/bitstream/123456789/5929/1/texto%20completo.pdf
S. Gharehkhani et al., “Basic effects of pulp refining on fiber properties - A review,” Carbohydr. Polym., vol. 115, pp. 785–803, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.08.047
S. K. Gulsoy and F. Ozturk, “Kraft pulping properties of european black pine cone,” Maderas Cienc. Tecnol., vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 875–882, 2016. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-221X2015005000076
A. Sluiter, R. Ruiz, C. Scarlata, J. Sluiter, and D. Templeton, “Determination of extractives in biomass - NREL/TP-510-42619,” National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2008. [Online]. Available: https://www.nrel.gov/docs/gen/fy08/42619.pdf
A. Sluiter et al., “Determination of structural carbohydrates and lignin in Biomass - NREL/TP-510-42618,” National Renewable Energy Laoratory, 2008, [Online]. Available: http://www.nrel.gov/docs/gen/fy13/42618.pdf
G. Uçar and M. Balaban, “Accurate determination of the limiting viscosity number of pulps,” Wood Sci. Technol., vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 139–148, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-003-0218-0
P. A. Rigatto, R. A. Dedecek, and J. L. Monteiro de Matos, “Influence of soil attributes on quality of Pinus taeda wood for cellulose Kraft production,” Viçosa, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 267–273, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-67622004000200013
B. Hortling, T. Tamminen, and O. Pekkala, “Effects of delignification on residual lignin-carbohydrate complexes in normal pine wood and pine wood enriched in compression wood. 1. Kraft pulping,” Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 219–224, 2001. https://doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2001-16-03-p219-224
A. Ahmed, G. C. Myers, and S. AbuBakr, “Packaging grade kraft pulp from small-diameter softwood,” in TAPPI Pulping/Proc. Product Quality Conf., 2000, pp. 1–9.
A. Hussein, W. Gee, P. Watson, and S. Y. Zhang, “Effect of precommercial thinning on residual sawmill chip kraft pulping and pulp quality in balsam fir,” Wood Fiber Sci., vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 179–186, 2006
H. R. Motamedian, A. E. Halilovic, and A. Kulachenko, “Mechanisms of strength and stiffness improvement of paper after PFI refining with a focus on the effect of fines,” Cellulose, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 4099–4124, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02349-5
M. Bäckström, M. C. Kolar, and M. Htun, “Characterisation of fines from unbleached kraft pulps and their impact on sheet properties,” Holzforschung, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 546–552, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1515/HF.2008.081
How to Cite
APA
ACM
ACS
ABNT
Chicago
Harvard
IEEE
MLA
Turabian
Vancouver
Download Citation
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Viviana Palombo, Leonardo Clavijo, Maria Noel Cabrera
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
From the edition of the V23N3 of year 2018 forward, the Creative Commons License "Attribution-Non-Commercial - No Derivative Works " is changed to the following:
Attribution - Non-Commercial - Share the same: this license allows others to distribute, remix, retouch, and create from your work in a non-commercial way, as long as they give you credit and license their new creations under the same conditions.