Meta-síntesis: Identidad y Reintegración de Excombatientes y Veteranos de Guerras Civiles en Acuerdos de Paz

Meta-synthesis: identity and reintegration of ex-combatants and veterans of civil wars in peace agreements

Autores/as

Palabras clave:

Identidad, reintegración económica, guerras civiles, acuerdos de paz (es).

Palabras clave:

Identity, economic reintegration, civil wars, agreements peace (en).

Descargas

Resumen (es)

Este estudio se enmarca en la estrategia Desarme, Desmovilización, Reinserción y Reinte­gración, aplicada por países transitando de guerras civiles a procesos de paz después de pac­tar amnistías o negociar acuerdos. Se realizó una revisión sistemática y meta-síntesis de 56 estudios empíricos cualitativos, publicados en revistas indexadas, idiomas inglés y español. Su propósito fue analizar los avances científicos alrededor del mundo sobre la reintegración económica en relación con la identidad de excombatientes y veteranos de guerras civiles entre 1993-2018. Los estudios fueron seleccionados mediante un procedimiento sistemático, se realizó un análisis de los componentes epistémicos y metodológicos, un resumen crítico sobre hallazgos y una síntesis sobre la redefinición de la reintegración como proceso de transformación múltiple. 73 % de los estudios investigó la reintegración desde lo estratégico, económico y político, mientras que 20% en lo subjetivo y 7% lo relacionó con la identidad. Los estudios analizados presentaron un limitado desarrollo metodológico.

Resumen (en)

This study is part of the Disarmament, Demobilization, Reinsertion and Reintegration stra­tegy, applied by countries transiting from civil wars to peace processes after arranging am­nesties or negotiating agreements. A systematic review and meta-synthesis of 56 qualitative empirical studies, published in indexed journals, English and Spanish, was conducted. Its purpose was to analyze about scientific advances around the world on economic reintegra­tion in relation to the identity of ex-combatants and veterans of civil wars between 1993- 2018. The studies were selected through an sistematic procedure, an analysis of the epis­temic and methodological components, a critical summary of findings, and a synthesis on the redefinition of reintegration as a multi-transformation process were carried out.. 73% of the studies researched reintegration from the strategic, economic and political, while 20% in the subjective and 7% related it to identity.The studies analyzed had limited methodological development.

Biografía del autor/a

Nelson Molina Valencia, Profesor investigador

Psicólogo, especialista en Opinión pública y mercadeo político, magister y doctor en Psicología social.

Profesor y director del Instituto de Psicología de la Universidad del Valle, Colombia

Referencias

Abu-Lughod, D. (2000). Land rights for contra veterans in postwar Nicaragua. Latin american perspectives. 27(3), 32-62. https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582X0002700303

Aghedo, I. (2015). Sowing peace, reaping violence: Understanding the resurgence of kidnapping in post-amnesty Niger Delta, Nigeria. Insight on Africa. 7(2), 137-153. https://doi.org/10.1177/0975087815580729

Alden, C. (2002). Making old soldiers fade away: Lessons from the reintegration of demobilized soldiers in Mozambique. Security Dialogue. 33(3), 341-356. https://doi/10.1177/0967010602033003008

Amazan, R., Negin, J., Howie, L. y Wood, J. (2016). From extraction to knowledge reproduction: The impact of Australia's development awards on Uganda and Mozambique. The International Education Journal: Comparative Perspectives 15(1), 45-65. http://openjournals.library.usyd.edu.au/index.php/IEJ/index

Annan, J., Blattman, C., Mazurana, D. y Carlson, K. (2011). Civil war, reintegration and gender in Northern Uganda. Journal of Conflict resolution. 55(6), 877-908. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002711408013

Atwood, J. (2002). The development imperative: Creating preconditions for peace. Journal of International Affairs. 55(2), 333-349. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24358174

Bangura, I. (2016). We Can’t Eat Peace: Youth Sustainable Livelihoods and the peacebuilding process in Sierra Leone. Journal of peacebuilding and development 11(2), 37-50. https://doi.org/10.1080/15423166.2016.1181003

Barbero‐Baconnier, J. (1993) When Peace Breaks Out ‐ Mozambican Refugees: A Study in Socio‐ Economic Reintegration. International Migration. 31(4), 601-623. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2435.1993.tb00685.x

Binadi, D. y Binadi, P. (2011). Reintegration of child soldiers in Nepal: Grassroots reflections. Palgrave Macmillan. 284-305. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230342927_16

Binford, L. (2010). A perfect storm of neglect and failure: postwar capitalist restoration in Northern Morazán. El Salvador. The journal of peasant studies. 37(3), 531-557. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2010.494375

Boyce, J. (1995) Adjustment toward peace: An introduction. World development. 23(12), 2067-2077. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(95)00101-H

Burrell, J. y Moodie, E. (2015). The Post-cold war anthropology of Central America. Annual review of anthropology. 44(1) 381-400. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102214-014101.

Comité Internacional de la Cruz Roja (2008). ¿Cuál es la definición de conflicto armado según el derecho internacional humanitario? https://www.icrc.org/es/doc/resources/documents/article/other/armed-conflict-article-170308.htm

Chitukutuku, E. (2017). Rebuilding the liberation war base: materiality and landscapes of violence in Northern Zimbabwe. Journal of Eastern African studies. 11(1), 133-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2017.1288422

De Vries, H. y Wiegink, N. (2011). Breaking up and Going Home? Contesting two assumptions in the demobilization and reintegration of former combatants. Journal international peacekeeping. 18(1), 38-51. https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2011.527506

Falisse, J. y Niyonkuru, R. (2015). Social engineering for reintegration: peace villages for the'uprooted' returnees in Burundi. Journal of Refugee Studies. 28(3), 388–411. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fev002

Féron, E. (2006). Paths to reconversion taken by Northern Irish paramilitaries. International Social Science Journal. 58(189) 447-456. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2451.2007.00643.x

Fisas, V. (2010). Introducción a los procesos de paz. Cuaderno de construcción de paz 12. Escuela de cultura de paz. https://escolapau.uab.cat/img/qcp/introduccion_procesos_paz.pdf

Florez-Morris, M. (2007). Joining Guerrilla Groups in Colombia: Individual Motivations and Processes for Entering a Violent Organization. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. 30(7), 615-634. https://doi.org/10.1080/10576100701385958.

Fuhlrott, F. (2007). Burundi after the civil war: demobilising and reintegrating ex-combatants. Afrika Spectrum. 42(2) 323-333. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40175189

Galmarini, M. (2014). Turning Defects to Advantages: The Discourse of labour in the autobiographies of soviet blinded Second World War Veterans. European History Quarterly. 44(4), 651-677. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265691414544617

Garzón-Vergara, J. (2015). Avoiding the perfect storm: criminal economies, spoilers and the post-conflict phase in Colombia. Stability. 4 (1), 36. http://doi.org/10.5334/sta.fx

Gear, S. (2002). Now that the War is Over Ex-Combatants Transition and the Question of Violence: A literature review. Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation. http://www.csvr.org.za/docs/militarisation/nowthatthewar.pdf

Gibb, R. (2003). Globalisation and Africa's economic recovery: A case study of the European Union- South Africa post-apartheid trading regime. Journal of Southern African Studies. 29(4), 885-901. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305707032000135879

Hall, R. (2009). From Rebels to Soldiers: An Analysis of the Philippine and East Timorese Policy Integrating Former Moro National Liberation Front (Mnlf) and Falintil Combatants into the Armed Forces. SSRN Electronic Journal. 1-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1460315

Hellsten, S. (2008). Failing states and failing leadership in African politics in the era of globalization: libertarian communitarianism and the Kenyan experience. Journal of Global Ethics. 4(2), 155-169. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449620802193977

Humphreys. M. y Weinstein. J. (2007). Demobilization and reintegration. Journal of Conflict Resolution. 51(4), 531-567. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002707302790

Kilroy, W. (2014). Does a more participatory approach to reintegrating ex-combatants lead to better outcomes? Evidence from Sierra Leone and Liberia. Conflict, Security and Development 14(3), 275-308. https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2014.923151

Kimberly, T. (2009). Reconstructing masculinities: The disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration of former combatants in Colombia. Human Rights Quarterly. 31(1), 1-34. https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.0.0053

Kingma, K. (1997). Demobilization of combatants after civil wars in Africa and their reintegration into civilian life. Policy Sciences. 30(3), 151-165. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004215705156

Knight, M. y Özerdem. A. (2004). Guns, camps and cash: Disarmament, demobilization and reinsertion of former combatants in transitions from war to peace. Journal of Peace Research. 41(4), 499-516. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343304044479

Kurtenbach, S. (2010). Why is Liberal Peacebuilding So Difficult? Some Lessons from Central America. European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, (88), 95-110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1015732

Kyed, H. y Gravers, M. (2015). Integration and power-sharing: What are the future options for armed non-state actors in the Myanmar peace process? Stability: International Journal of Security and Development. 4(1), 1-57. http://doi.org/10.5334/sta.gt

Liebenberg, I., Ferreira, R. y Roefs, M. (2015). Loyal service and yet "demobbed" – Demobilization and the economic reintegration of South Africa's demobilized military personnel. Journal of Asian and African Studies. 37(3-5), 299-317. https://doi.org/10.1177/002190960203700304

Mahecha-Ramírez, Camilo José. (2016). Transformaciones territoriales: Una categoría para explicar las dinámicas de conformación territorial. Bitácora Urbano Territorial, 26(2), 113-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/bitacora.v26n2.57671

Maringira, G. y Carrasco, L. (2015). Once a soldier, a soldier forever: exiled zimbabwean soldiers in South Africa. Medical Anthropology: Cross Cultural Studies in Health and Illness. 34(4), 319-335. https://doi.org/10.1080/01459740.2015.1038344

McCall, G. y Simmons, J. (1966). Identities and interaction. New York Free Press.

McMullin, J. (2011). Reintegrating Young Combatants: do child-centred approaches leave

children—and adults—behind? Third World Quarterly. 32(4), 743-764. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2011.567006

McMullin, J. (2013). Integration or separation? The stigmatisation of ex-combatants after war. Review of International Studies. 39(2), 385-414. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210512000228

Meneses, J., Cardona, D. y Devia, M. (2010). Calidad de vida en sujetos que pertenecen al Programa nacional de desmovilización y reincorporación a la vida civil, en el departamento del Quindío. El Ágora USB. 10 (1), 71-86. https://doi.org/10.21500/16578031.365

Merriam Webster (1828). Dictionary of thesaurus. https://www.merriam-webster.com/

Miriyagalla, D. (2014). Socio-economic reintegration of former LTTE combatants in Sri Lanka: self- employment, sustainable incomes and long-term peace. Global Change, Peace and Security. 26(3), 251-262. https://doi.org/10.1080/14781158.2014.953469

Moreno, F., Carmona, J. y Tobón, F. (2010). Por qué se vinculan las niñas a los grupos guerrilleros y paramilitares en Colombia. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología. 42(3),453-467.http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?pid=S0120-05342010000300009&script=sci_abstract&tlng=es

Ojeleye, O. (2011). The Application of Demobilisation. Disarmament and Reintegration (DDR) at the Sub-National Level in the Niger Delta. Journal Civil Wars. 13(2). 141-156. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698249.2011.576144

Okeke, U., Babatunde, O., Idoniboye, S. y Whetho, A. (2014). From adversity to prosperity: Towards a ‘new’ governance paradigm for natural resource management in Africa's conflict zones. African Security Review. 23(3) 243-263. https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2014.924021

Patiño, R., y Patiño, C. (2012). Configuración de la identidad de desertores de la guerrilla colombiana. Psicologia e sociedade, 24(3), 517-526. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-71822012000300005

Perazzone, S. (2017). Reintegrating former fighters in the Congo: ambitious objectives. limited results. International Peacekeeping. 24(2) 254-279. https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2016.1219659

Peters. K. (2007). Reintegration support for young ex-combatants: A right or a privilege? International Migration. 45(5), 35-59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2435.2007.00426.x.

Phayal, A., Khadka, P. y Thyne, C. (2015). What Makes an Ex-Combatant Happy? A Micro- Analysis of Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration in South Sudan. International Studies Quarterly 59(4), 654-668. https://doi.org/10.1111/isqu.12186

Polletta, F., y Jasper, J. (2001). Collective Identity and Social Movements. Annual Review of Sociology, 27(1), 283-305. https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.283

Rangel, A. (2000). Parasites and predators: Guerrillas and the insurrection economy of Colombia. Journal of International Affairs, 53(2), 577-601. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A62361355/PPWT?u=univalle&sid=PPWT&xid=85302c45

Rankin, K., Nightingale, A., Hamal, P. y Sigdel, T. (2018). Roads of change: political transition and state formation in Nepal’s agrarian districts. Journal of Peasant Studies. 45(2) 280-299. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2016.1216985

Serje, M., Suaza, M. y Pineda, R. (2002) Palabras para desarmar: una mirada crítica al vocabulario del reconocimiento cultural. Ministerio de Cultura Instituto Colombiano de Antropología e Historia.

Siltala, J. (2015). Dissolution and Reintegration in Finland. 1914–1932: How did a Disarmed Country Become Absorbed into Brutalization? Journal of Baltic Studies. 46(1) 11-33. https://doi.org/10.1080/01629778.2015.1009691

South, A. y Joll, C. (2016) From Rebels to Rulers: The Challenges of Transition for Non-

state Armed Groups in Mindanao and Myanmar. Critical Asian Studies. 48(2) 168-192. https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2016.1161963

Steenken, C. (2017) Desarme, desmovilización y reintegración (DDR): Descripción general práctica. Instituto para formación en operaciones de paz. https://cdn.peaceopstraining.org/course_promos/ddr/ddr_spanish.pdf

Subedi, D. (2014). Conflict, Combatants and Cash: Economic Reintegration and Livelihoods of Ex- combatants in Nepal. World Development. 59. 238-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.01.025

Tajfel, H. (1981). Human groups and social categories: Studies in social psychology. Cambridge University Press.

Themnér, A. (2015). Former Military Networks and the Micro-Politics of Violence and Statebuilding in Liberia. Comparative Politics. 47(3) 334-353.

Thorsell, S. (2013). Towards people-centred economic reintegration? An analysis of the economic reintegration strategy of demobilised combatants in Colombia. Colombia Internacional. 77, 177-215. https://doi.org/10.7440/colombiaint77.2013.07

United Nations (2005). General Assembly A/C.5/59/31. https://undocs.org/pdf?symbol=en/A/C.5/59/L.53

United Nations (2006). The UN Approach to DDR. UN DDR. http://www.iddrtg.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-to-DDR1.pdf

Wiegink, N. y De Vries, H. (2015). Former Military Networks a Threat to Peace? The Demobilisation and Remobilization of Renamo in Central Mozambique. Stability. 4(1), 56. http://doi.org/10.5334/sta.gk

Willems, R. y Leeuwen, M. (2015). Reconciling reintegration: The complexity of economic and social reintegration of ex-combatants in Burundi. Disasters 39(2). 316-338. https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12102

Wood, E. y Segovia, A. (1995). Macroeconomic policy and the Salvadoran peace accords. World Development. 23(12), 2079-2099. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(95)00102-I

Zukerman, S. (2014). The Dark Side of Power-Sharing: Middle Managers and Civil War Recurrence. Comparative Politics, 46(3), 333-353. https://doi.org/10.5129/001041514810943027

Cómo citar

APA

Melo M., A. L., y Molina Valencia, N. (2021). Meta-síntesis: Identidad y Reintegración de Excombatientes y Veteranos de Guerras Civiles en Acuerdos de Paz. Ciudad Paz-ando, 14(2), 60–77. https://doi.org/10.14483/2422278X.18107

ACM

[1]
Melo M., A.L. y Molina Valencia, N. 2021. Meta-síntesis: Identidad y Reintegración de Excombatientes y Veteranos de Guerras Civiles en Acuerdos de Paz. Ciudad Paz-ando. 14, 2 (sep. 2021), 60–77. DOI:https://doi.org/10.14483/2422278X.18107.

ACS

(1)
Melo M., A. L.; Molina Valencia, N. Meta-síntesis: Identidad y Reintegración de Excombatientes y Veteranos de Guerras Civiles en Acuerdos de Paz. Ciudad Pazando 2021, 14, 60-77.

ABNT

MELO M., Ana Lyda; MOLINA VALENCIA, Nelson. Meta-síntesis: Identidad y Reintegración de Excombatientes y Veteranos de Guerras Civiles en Acuerdos de Paz. Ciudad Paz-ando, [S. l.], v. 14, n. 2, p. 60–77, 2021. DOI: 10.14483/2422278X.18107. Disponível em: https://revistas.udistrital.edu.co/index.php/cpaz/article/view/18107. Acesso em: 19 abr. 2024.

Chicago

Melo M., Ana Lyda, y Nelson Molina Valencia. 2021. «Meta-síntesis: Identidad y Reintegración de Excombatientes y Veteranos de Guerras Civiles en Acuerdos de Paz». Ciudad Paz-ando 14 (2):60-77. https://doi.org/10.14483/2422278X.18107.

Harvard

Melo M., A. L. y Molina Valencia, N. (2021) «Meta-síntesis: Identidad y Reintegración de Excombatientes y Veteranos de Guerras Civiles en Acuerdos de Paz», Ciudad Paz-ando, 14(2), pp. 60–77. doi: 10.14483/2422278X.18107.

IEEE

[1]
A. L. Melo M. y N. Molina Valencia, «Meta-síntesis: Identidad y Reintegración de Excombatientes y Veteranos de Guerras Civiles en Acuerdos de Paz», Ciudad Pazando, vol. 14, n.º 2, pp. 60–77, sep. 2021.

MLA

Melo M., Ana Lyda, y Nelson Molina Valencia. «Meta-síntesis: Identidad y Reintegración de Excombatientes y Veteranos de Guerras Civiles en Acuerdos de Paz». Ciudad Paz-ando, vol. 14, n.º 2, septiembre de 2021, pp. 60-77, doi:10.14483/2422278X.18107.

Turabian

Melo M., Ana Lyda, y Nelson Molina Valencia. «Meta-síntesis: Identidad y Reintegración de Excombatientes y Veteranos de Guerras Civiles en Acuerdos de Paz». Ciudad Paz-ando 14, no. 2 (septiembre 9, 2021): 60–77. Accedido abril 19, 2024. https://revistas.udistrital.edu.co/index.php/cpaz/article/view/18107.

Vancouver

1.
Melo M. AL, Molina Valencia N. Meta-síntesis: Identidad y Reintegración de Excombatientes y Veteranos de Guerras Civiles en Acuerdos de Paz. Ciudad Pazando [Internet]. 9 de septiembre de 2021 [citado 19 de abril de 2024];14(2):60-77. Disponible en: https://revistas.udistrital.edu.co/index.php/cpaz/article/view/18107

Descargar cita

Visitas

240

Dimensions


PlumX


Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Artículos similares

También puede {advancedSearchLink} para este artículo.

Loading...