DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14483/23464712.15534Published:
2021-03-16 — Updated on 2021-03-23Conceptualización y gravedad semántica en la construcción de explicaciones científicas en la clase de fisicoquímica: un estudio de caso
Conceptualization and semantic gravity in the construction of scientific explanations in a science classroom: a case study
Conceptualização e gravidade semântica na construção de explicações científicas em uma aula de ciências: um estudo de caso
Keywords:
explicación científica, enseñanza secundaria, gravedad semántica, formación de profesores, niveles de conceptualización (es).Keywords:
scientific explanation, secondary education, semantic gravity, teacher training, conceptualization levels (en).Keywords:
prática científica escolar, discurso do professor, gravidade semântica, níveis de conceituação (pt).Downloads
Abstract (es)
La construcción y la comprensión de las explicaciones científicas escolares constituyen dos propósitos centrales en la alfabetización científica. La misma requiere que los estudiantes puedan participar en discursos y prácticas científicas escolares. Las prácticas de enseñanza, en este contexto, adquieren centralidad para la adquisición de nuevas formas de saber, hacer y hablar ciencia por los estudiantes. Con estas consideraciones en este artículo se analiza el discurso docente de una futura profesora de Química cuando trabaja en la construcción conjunta con los estudiantes de explicaciones correspondientes a un fenómeno cotidiano. El discurso es interpretado desde los niveles de conceptualización de la materia y la noción de gravedad semántica. La investigación se enmarca en una perspectiva cualitativa, desde el enfoque de estudio de casos. Se elabora un sistema de categorías asociado a cada una de las dimensiones de análisis -niveles de conceptualización de la materia y la noción de gravedad semántica-. El análisis muestra que, en el episodio estudiado, los intercambios discursivos transitan entre diferentes categorías correspondientes a la gravedad semántica. Así, la transición de una conceptualización en el nivel macroscópico a una centrada en el nivel submicroscópico, se relaciona con una disminución en la gravedad semántica. Finalmente se discuten algunas implicaciones para la enseñanza.
Abstract (en)
The construction and understanding of academic scientific explanations constitute two central purposes in scientific literacy. It requires the students' ability to participate in academic scientific discourses and practices. In this context, the teaching practices become a central element in the acquisition of new forms of understanding, making, and talking about science by students. Based on these considerations, this article analyzes the discourse of a future Chemistry teacher during the construction, with the students, of explanations related to an everyday phenomenon. The discourse is interpreted from the levels of conceptualization of matter and the notion of semantic gravity. The research is carried out from a qualitative point of view, adopting a case study approach. A system of categories linked to every analytical dimension -levels of conceptualization of matter and notion of semantic gravity- is developed. The analysis shows that, in the episode studied, the discursive exchanges transit between different categories corresponding to the semantic gravity. Thus, the transition from a conceptualization at the macroscopic level to one centered at the submicroscopic level is related to a decrease in semantic gravity. Finally, some teaching implications are being discussed.
Abstract (pt)
A construção e o entendimento das explicações científicas acadêmicas constituem dois propósitos centrais na alfabetização científica. Requer a capacidade dos alunos de participar em discursos e práticas científicas acadêmicas. Nesse contexto, as práticas de ensino tornam-se um elemento central na aquisição de novas formas de compreensão, construção e conversação sobre ciências pelos alunos. Com base nessas considerações, este artigo analisa o discurso de uma futura professora de Química durante o desenvolvimento conjunto com os alunos de explicações relacionadas com um fenômeno cotidiano. O discurso é interpretado a partir dos níveis de conceituação da matéria e da noção de gravidade semântica. A pesquisa é realizada sob um ponto de vista qualitativo, adotando uma abordagem de estudo de caso. Um sistema de categorias vinculadas a todas as dimensões analíticas - níveis de conceituação da matéria e noção de gravidade semântica - é desenvolvido. A análise mostra que, no episódio estudado, as trocas discursivas transitam entre diferentes categorias correspondentes à gravidade semântica. Assim, a transição de uma conceptualização no nível macroscópico para uma centrada no nível submicroscópico está relacionada a uma diminuição da gravidade semântica. Finalmente, algumas implicações no ensino estão sendo discutidas.
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